The climate of India is shaped by its diverse geography and geology, including the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. These features contribute to a wide range of weather conditions across the country, from arid deserts to humid tropics. India experiences six major climatic subtypes and four primary seasons: winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon. The Himalayas protect the country from cold Central Asian winds, keeping most of north India warm in winter. However, South India is generally warmer and more humid due to its coastlines. Monsoon rains, vital for agriculture, dominate the weather from June to September, while the post-monsoon season sees cooler, drier conditions. Extreme weather events like droughts, floods, heatwaves, and cyclones significantly impact India's economy and agricultural output. Recent climate changes have intensified these events, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters.